{"id":6160,"date":"2024-02-09T11:45:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-09T03:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xintaivalves.com\/?p=6160"},"modified":"2025-06-11T09:46:54","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T01:46:54","slug":"guide-to-pid-valve-symbols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091f\u0949\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u091f\u0949\u0917\u0932<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#What_Are_Valve_Symbols_and_How_Are_They_Used\" >\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#What_is_a_Piping_Instrumentation_Diagram_P_ID\" >\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (P&amp;ID) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#How_Important_is_the_P_ID\" >\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Standardization_of_Symbols\" >\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Types_of_Valves_and_Their_Symbols\" >\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#2-Way_Valves\" >2-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#3-Way_Valves\" >3-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#4-Way_Valves\" >4-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Other_Types_of_Valves_and_Their_Symbols\" >\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Getting_to_Know_Other_P_ID_Symbols\" >\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Current_State_of_the_Valve\" >\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Valve_Actuator_Symbols\" >\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Fail-Safe_Position\" >\u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932-\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#End_Connections\" >\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Process_Lines\" >\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Signal_Lines\" >\u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Equipment_Symbols\" >\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Understanding_Tag_Numbers_and_Their_Significance\" >\u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Sample_Tag_Numbers\" >\u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Common_Mistakes_in_Reading_P_IDs\" >\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Real-World_Applications_of_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\" >\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Benefits_of_Proper_Symbol_Usage\" >\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#More_P_ID_Valve_Symbol_FAQs\" >\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 P&amp;ID \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#What_is_the_symbol_of_valve_in_P_ID\" >P&amp;ID \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#What_do_the_P_ID_symbols_mean\" >\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Is_there_a_standard_for_P_ID_symbols\" >\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Key_Takeaway\" >\u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#%F0%9F%94%8E_Recommended_Reading_for_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\" >\ud83d\udd0e P&amp;ID \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0920\u0928<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#An_Introduction_to_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\" >\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Understanding_the_Functions_of_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\" >\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/blog\/guide-to-pid-valve-symbols\/#Common_Mistakes_When_Reading_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\" >P&amp;ID \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <title>\u0939\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/title>\n  <style>\n    .hero-card {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: center;\n      background: #f7f8fa;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n      padding: 24px;\n      max-width: 900px;\n      margin: 40px auto;\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      color: inherit;\n      font-family: 'Poppins';\n    }\n\n    .hero-image {\n      width: 220px;\n      height: auto;\n      border-radius: 12px;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .hero-content {\n      padding-left: 24px;\n      flex: 1;\n      min-width: 260px;\n    }\n\n    .hero-title {\n      font-size: 1.6rem;\n      font-weight: bold;\n      margin-bottom: 12px;\n      color: #222;\n      font-family: 'Poppins';\n    }\n\n    .hero-description {\n      font-size: 1rem;\n      color: #555;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .hero-link {\n      display: inline-block;\n      padding: 10px 20px;\n      background-color: #D70C19;\n      color: #fff;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      font-weight: bold;\n      transition: background 0.2s ease-in-out;\n    }\n\n    .hero-link:hover {\n      background-color: #D70C19;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .hero-card {\n        flex-direction: column;\n        text-align: center;\n      }\n\n      .hero-content {\n        padding-left: 0;\n        padding-top: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .hero-image {\n        width: 100%;\n        max-width: 280px;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a class=\"hero-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/product\/butterfly-valve\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hero-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/%E5%AF%B9%E7%84%8A%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%89%E5%81%8F%E5%BF%83%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E6%AC%A1%E7%A1%AC%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%81%E8%9D%B6%E9%98%80.jpg\" alt=\"\u091a\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\">\n  <div class=\"hero-content\">\n    <div class=\"hero-title\">\ud83d\udee0 \u0924\u093f\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/div>\n    <div class=\"hero-description\">\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u091f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928-\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/div>\n    <span class=\"hero-link\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_Valve_Symbols_and_How_Are_They_Used\"><\/span><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/strong> \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <title>\u0939\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/title>\n  <style>\n    .hero-card {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: center;\n      background: #f7f8fa;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n      padding: 24px;\n      max-width: 900px;\n      margin: 40px auto;\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      color: inherit;\n      font-family: 'Poppins';\n    }\n\n    .hero-image {\n      width: 220px;\n      height: auto;\n      border-radius: 12px;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .hero-content {\n      padding-left: 24px;\n      flex: 1;\n      min-width: 260px;\n    }\n\n    .hero-title {\n      font-size: 1.6rem;\n      font-weight: bold;\n      margin-bottom: 12px;\n      color: #222;\n      font-family: 'Poppins';\n    }\n\n    .hero-description {\n      font-size: 1rem;\n      color: #555;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .hero-link {\n      display: inline-block;\n      padding: 10px 20px;\n      background-color: #D70C19;\n      color: #fff;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      font-weight: bold;\n      transition: background 0.2s ease-in-out;\n    }\n\n    .hero-link:hover {\n      background-color: #D70C19;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .hero-card {\n        flex-direction: column;\n        text-align: center;\n      }\n\n      .hero-content {\n        padding-left: 0;\n        padding-top: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .hero-image {\n        width: 100%;\n        max-width: 280px;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a class=\"hero-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/product\/gate-valve\/#pmain\" target=\"_blank\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hero-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/BUTT-WELDING-GATE-VALVE.jpg\" alt=\"\u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\" \/>\n  <div class=\"hero-content\">\n    <div class=\"hero-title\">\ud83d\udee0 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/div>\n    <div class=\"hero-description\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/div>\n    <span class=\"hero-link\">\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Piping_Instrumentation_Diagram_P_ID\"><\/span><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (P&amp;ID) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u090f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lucidchart.com\/pages\/tutorial\/p-and-id\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940)<\/strong><\/a> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, P&amp;IDs \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:237px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2000\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-7802\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001.webp\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001.webp 3000w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-2048x1365.webp 2048w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#e8e8e8\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10176f1e50fccd365deb8f276774936a wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:27px\"><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915\u0926\u092e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902! \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/industrial-valve-manufacturer\/\" style=\"border-radius:100px;background-color:#d70c19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Important_is_the_P_ID\"><\/span><strong>\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915, P&amp;IDs \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u0936\u091f\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, P&amp;ID \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f, P&amp;IDs \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0924\u0915, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n.hero-product-card {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  justify-content: space-between;\n  background: #f8f9fa;\n  border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\n  border-radius: 12px;\n  padding: 30px 25px;\n  margin: 40px 0;\n  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\n  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card .content {\n  max-width: 65%;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card .title {\n  font-size: 30px;  \/* \u589e\u5927\u6807\u9898\u5b57\u4f53 *\/\n  font-weight: bold;  \/* \u52a0\u7c97 *\/\n  color: #000;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card p {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  color: #333;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n  line-height: 1.6;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card a {\n  display: inline-block;\n  padding: 10px 18px;\n  background-color: #D70C19;\n  color: #fff;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  border-radius: 6px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card a:hover {\n  background-color: #b50914;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card .image {\n  max-width: 30%;\n}\n\n.hero-product-card .image img {\n  max-width: 100%;\n  border-radius: 10px;\n  border: 1px solid #ddd;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"hero-product-card\">\n  <div class=\"content\">\n    <p class=\"title\">\ud83d\udd29 \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/p>\n    <p>\u0915\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/products\/forged-globe-valve\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"image\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dbfhaf64fpo53.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/API-602-FORGED-GLOBE-VALVE-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u091c\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\">\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standardization_of_Symbols\"><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0902\u0921\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 ISO 14617 \u0914\u0930 ANSI\/ISA-5.1, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/\">\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/a> \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b P&amp;IDs \u0915\u094b \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Valves_and_Their_Symbols\"><\/span>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935, \u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/assuredautomation.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><em>\u0906\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/em><\/a><em> \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <title>\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/title>\n  <style>\n    .hero-card {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: center;\n      background: #f7f8fa;\n      border-radius: 16px;\n      box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n      padding: 24px;\n      max-width: 900px;\n      margin: 40px auto;\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      color: inherit;\n      font-family: 'Poppins';\n    }\n\n    .hero-image {\n      width: 220px;\n      height: auto;\n      border-radius: 12px;\n      object-fit: cover;\n      flex-shrink: 0;\n    }\n\n    .hero-content {\n      padding-left: 24px;\n      flex: 1;\n      min-width: 260px;\n    }\n\n    .hero-title {\n      font-size: 1.6rem;\n      font-weight: bold;\n      margin-bottom: 12px;\n      color: #222;\n      font-family: 'Poppins';\n    }\n\n    .hero-description {\n      font-size: 1rem;\n      color: #555;\n      margin-bottom: 18px;\n    }\n\n    .hero-link {\n      display: inline-block;\n      padding: 10px 20px;\n      background-color: #D70C19;\n      color: #fff;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      font-weight: bold;\n      transition: background 0.2s ease-in-out;\n    }\n\n    .hero-link:hover {\n      background-color: #D70C19;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      .hero-card {\n        flex-direction: column;\n        text-align: center;\n      }\n\n      .hero-content {\n        padding-left: 0;\n        padding-top: 20px;\n      }\n\n      .hero-image {\n        width: 100%;\n        max-width: 280px;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<a class=\"hero-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/products\/thread-gate-valve-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hero-image\" src=\"https:\/\/xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/CF8-Z15W-200WOG-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 - CF8 Z15W 200WOG\" \/>\n  <div class=\"hero-content\">\n    <div class=\"hero-title\">\ud83d\udd29 \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/div>\n    <div class=\"hero-description\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 CF8 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 200WOG \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/div>\n    <span class=\"hero-link\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/a>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-Way_Valves\"><\/span>2-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f - \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 2-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942\/\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0949\u091f\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 2-\u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeeLEcFyqlfrAojskxJH3WLvI28MgnHnfsosckNmLV2GIjD6sxuCN6cTNY1lDRfoR_DAkz-Ou0X3BPxLPKBbMTkJwb1l9Pwp7EaL-mSXONRSsihYzvuz9LMjnCbhOmqREtAB1-H29sdjLjZe0BuXM7q-_F3?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/ball-valve-collection\/\">\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/td><td>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0911\u0928\/\u0911\u092b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 P&amp;ID \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXc7ATVG57vSapCweuv1WpsuAfNIuoFBpZzX8cjsL6EGMS_7wD1bGpvjxLATv0Uz074N9-M-j8uXC7cFHOGt6a3wyhHRtcQKNLBAuTdPho30zlH95nd7Tg7nsOd8-6C1n_S5OXwibka2kcNGNc3dHeV7QqA?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"87\" height=\"72\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/butterfly-valve-collection\/\">\u091a\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093f\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdvdzpsXAjWG8PysZAdDQAsxqKcPu4qx8ivsUZvri8XlwHqKmWuNJ-XEtyBzE5YCJ7D8PdrMFYg3zCTvgoQgln7DifZyecuU-Dlnizxamn2AbNIq2xR9DaCIRnYZgSppg_H5uBQgq-qcD-AB9T7_A8PGTQS?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"84\" height=\"69\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/product\/plug-valve\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/td><td>\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0911\u0928\/\u0911\u092b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0924\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0917\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 P&amp;ID \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0907\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdEePBbBlhT3Hghc6yDmaPMWyCH0TVDyH7uNOJVeI7lBk1Dg_rdErcAFPzWVq08LSD22xy-6RiruFs2uj3jIPe58oY43BujmckyHFkzPlH31X34iOiKfxqo_RYmnxnic80ISPIHXk8AgNKwwzLekGG-wY8L?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"82\" height=\"72\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/product\/gate-valve\/\">\u0917\u0947\u091f 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src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeoWGUUhpd_LMP7CSZiH9pzfQ5dB185s60N9VLaNWhMLaRVl1G8LNp84CyfxkuJFBWDelVjC-c8KtKUWcg48rH7SBGu0OJ0FcI-P1Dmx5M9WfBiTLCQJl048bSdn774QkedH0zHIDZqU_9RiY9eqJp_S2o?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"72\" height=\"65\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/product\/globe-valve\/\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/a><\/td><td>\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 P&amp;ID \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0949\u091f\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXc0wYhQyteduzSQ4a_V1soQo-R26jZalZ8icoc79YLVdDSfBGyBY3PT0KI89mPgPYYBZtz3ZSDU6u__CyUBJf_LgFByQVWoXY1xHjts4yPuF0LcGMtjTYO_WvgknKukT9O_iZRWK8Av9VTC-sq4NzMPdsSQ?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"86\" height=\"71\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u093f\u0902\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093f\u092a\u091a\u093f\u092a\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936, \u092a\u093f\u0902\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0909\u0938 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093f\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092c\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdiNMRJCakOoLjiloO0PSdMYHdwysg1kw5Y2hs_i8b2wAWcDgtxT9xU_jhl3DdlO7El3zlNoilBZgmim3qeRzCQ_Tmighp0bZoKr_URAaqaBx9dR4mIYpyV26BBbizHFNuk4gM3cCBYOmrtoiN1uexmTqUQ?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"74\" height=\"63\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u0942\u0908 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeNa6PgIGirbgAhtmzw_eziYmCQSAFK_psbKgnK4jg1EwPzRNhtjsxjhMgSlA2K_ZUN9J38NiuNzB4e0aRbjTUtZJsvfgqLpiwBP_wWT-BKOihQnkwt04XrvqoFbTNLD8x5XydyXiaNc6HHAiGFvT_Muv6w?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"72\" height=\"60\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093f\u092a\u091a\u093f\u092a\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdT-3tmicVdJfF-CVQqQgQjv8c8_Nja-qrJaX_3ClgSef0ubjPm3qEG_hz1ChXDf8qqlCAComq8p8yWUZvmpHBe8p9W1hXO2fX1D5ztvPNklvUF2zllUoUJx8QYodHPH7GQAFISvnXRKt44N_K19wUxRFMh?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"76\" height=\"56\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/product\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2-1024x371.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2-1024x371.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2-300x109.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2-768x278.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2-1536x556.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2-18x7.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/China-Industrial-Valve-Manufacturer-xintai-valves-product-2.webp 1550w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-Way_Valves\"><\/span>3-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b &quot;\u091f\u0940&quot; \u092f\u093e &quot;\u090f\u0932&quot; \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0917\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfp4Z4oVGYwrxypjDhNgNcfbpVtx8DiZVho1HkB5O_IWHeO1KTOIHwcjdxckJ86hUaDhAgvXt7f0MIn7PlVxjm_qiO_5uhQg60NYd3B8SPLkCmARWIWg-6BAnmwpX5_2FM9grdm6Q4cwcdT4pSrjSp68iVE?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-Way_Valves\"><\/span>4-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, 4-\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &quot;T&quot; \u092f\u093e &quot;L&quot; \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdlK6RvZrnu_8BPPzd3TBehpIkJN-0up16ZQZtk-WeOt1APdvVEr-Ad5wWHIlu2hleVKztCma58nv_krp-fwTM6npyYpljH8C4wFCx-AMtWJu3x2S9gU50cTcNqPD98bTKpNI5_iVgp1wYbOBToEi2JA9Ul?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Types_of_Valves_and_Their_Symbols\"><\/span>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0902<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u0930\u092b\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcExhTckm1mrbXJsItveRcnZ3WjCRhZAuyZbjnwTJBrOOwX5vdklQL285ELTttJWpfUP4dvHITbZ5QEu9pmE45Si5JdfFyxrhnATm2PEpmLHWyprOnaXvwl2MF23CrnFwQhKrglGwKw5-bwPVxs26amPcTg?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"81\" height=\"75\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092b\u093e\u091f\u0915<\/td><td>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcbW-UE6WRMwc7zxVX6EIlGisnMhQGC5ua89ksVzaN6PW2S6Na5gxfKjaKVdyhG2t61wcRa0aQSMQa2ecxtEfxnWCjUSTZJRynCO1gmQjpGECrVFJZK3eshmTmtpBE01X6PvXvlXRBYFkFoxxyQIlI8ki8?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"81\" height=\"67\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/td><td>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcl7wqirxirmYlj_4mssj-CB36YIeGt7BNdAsu3bNMKhf7XY1ydjMVPE_28bqs1kjfplVblA8BVm9VSoOInoXh22W11FDppnSgBxzJbOoRQkwl2RrXO-V_bRpDwa4zecCW1Y29mLvwkzh9KO-75wMC5xzSS?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"74\" height=\"50\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 90 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915, \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdmnAW1NRieriK8s0uECoHlXOiodxk-G0P2dK6FiRtrxnDtSfpBY22YVmHDeUNRRHJOSRahF8a2VUsRcCwOytSP0H9OYvM-H_V0shvWunQtMancxG73cN5MEHFFdGfNvXgiAULXYpMGYsVnk3WgvTAybfks?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"70\" height=\"72\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0907\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfff2wGM_xN1vAK6RUIRnCYw077kEILZ1OFPP6L8uCyjDm0yl6j4hiY9j0U1_0Mqbuc0D5H4d6RjVFtT0IQOaziVYG3VKnAzUPMUDiqsHgkQLdah7-YIKVzdZXHSEQM8-d1Cf-qrWQIdWlRHbHWG6_of6en?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"69\" height=\"66\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Getting_to_Know_Other_P_ID_Symbols\"><\/span>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_State_of_the_Valve\"><\/span>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0902\u0921\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e (\u090f\u0928\u0913), \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926 (\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940) \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 (\u090f\u0928\u0913) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0921\u093f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926 (\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 - \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 - \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\" style=\"min-height:237px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2000\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-7802\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001.webp\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001.webp 3000w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-2048x1365.webp 2048w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6624793_32879001-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#e8e8e8\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10176f1e50fccd365deb8f276774936a wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:27px\"><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915\u0926\u092e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902! \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-63375db1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/industrial-valve-manufacturer\/\" style=\"border-radius:100px;background-color:#d70c19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Valve_Actuator_Symbols\"><\/span>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0941\u090f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932 (\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932)<\/td><td>\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 (\u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930)<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 (\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930)<\/td><td>\u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u094b\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930<\/td><td>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u092d\u0930\u0915\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 P&amp;IDs \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXd2LIqNbFKZiwfBzAh3TOO6vUZVpUFcYQ7ib0snhuIHxisaMJLyzm8iDjdfsyj1_cx5D1XNNyumKOhEUZ5OzBgxmQkrh3fGquyCBmgKU4ibXS-xOk-Z_j4OukMEKGqQ2xT75iqCcAoIwWXWdWQRpGuCCFU?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fail-Safe_Position\"><\/span>\u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932-\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940, \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932-\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092b\u0947\u0932-\u0913\u092a\u0928 (FO)<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0941\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932-\u092c\u0902\u0926 (\u090f\u092b\u0938\u0940)<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0930\u0941\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932<\/td><td>\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0941\u090f\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"End_Connections\"><\/span>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0930\u094b\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/td><td>\u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0921<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0935\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u0916\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfEqf-xxpx28FnkMQ5n3LGoGuLEQMND-LmOshWuuIvJpK_nlVUwC1Bjte7yuFN5gxUrJyBs3mtZNBaZjfQ5Uw-BTDxSLiUmc54i8UHQK9qhiitPsFH7o4rHvZnun6APPSKtFsp3cCRyLfVytt42MxnY8qnp?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_Lines\"><\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u091c\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a<\/td><td>\u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092f\u093e \u091f\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><td>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfbSl-zURMQvWcMgIspgsxb_pWGAmsETkUseSu6dYCMe9NR43NRKsoRgpEMozPheL1mDPfefoqcsgV70onrHwXwo3YKsi5XfjnrC0r33wx7hEDWDFMQw7pyWkMUF6GDr_Lbm802WNLU6dmJC02JwyJDmvQ?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Signal_Lines\"><\/span>\u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0941\u090f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeCL8xVkVHg9_sg9XHQF7n7qcXs0MVCclEeENpIc0C4gviZiCAzKmYlca2znSs--Pf8Bt0-t8oyF7OaVyW-0esKB6jIblgzs-ZDqLTMPng1RdG_jynWr560Hpx4JmcWaJZHhCzUGGiiAT7faCkl5Nz0w1I?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"138\" height=\"43\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\/\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932<\/td><td>\u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeMQgbr00UfPUgtWX_-AiAa69Y2kNXNf1qXsC7nhdRuGN9gDJGd4Tk_cSjdWhHYpcNS_hmv1i9Ewim8-NW0-tp6PjYeJTJVWQEpl0FDmt0P-mbjXQ8rG24z10ZZZ17EzI-g_RnfhbBMLU641PtP7qgzRW0?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"138\" height=\"31\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932<\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0941\u090f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfo5bAUGaLlG_fOrQU2YzhVzkHmAx6DQENmQ0hy5kSl5AGIUYKWA-dz-WXFpQg4ErInXz1qXagKYWQ6_OpIpjYBXAe5gh3_9DkAMKdXd_oa9_ioMfZxTS54088LfihgAcbQ0vMZulIqTTw-gf9mhtHIZmg?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"138\" height=\"39\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f, \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932<\/td><td>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdGyWUMVRzPrj8uSCp1YNDg9T6_RVXcP4pvdEK2HChMQcg1RW63NGXRYiD7OlpPCxuhbPvVv_ts1fjmyOUfXZzDrvDi5cLgYfAuCvtMG0vgNLpUwWZzGvWjEyiT_5ww78irqR0PFyyyVhVQi-xyD1w7wBU?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"138\" height=\"48\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0917\u0948\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f, \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932<\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfnhkSlwA1oRW4g-5EUy7lVoweQaKJIRol7kCn_B4PPIirfr8zo1hMctZgMkJwI6iJ2lTwYMbt_BMaASsRYFg3mQf2cIUqaUI2g-5sGO9doTkYV3mBtFttjZpohwHZVxI0NJ6Z3R1GT1Kxccs5_Zwr62QUb?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"138\" height=\"52\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfT-lLI5emFWAwaLRseMMAUISbI-XExRXTc6HOUpXcCnaDzdfkIahZbI2SM_ZoSF6AOGyg7XfeLl3Amn9nXBrH5mMPnE7djbiHAJzK2aGz6DSB-VYFrA1edlvLps6aDqX5VDp0wV6442j1VKm9gBe3rJQLX?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" width=\"138\" height=\"51\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Equipment_Symbols\"><\/span>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0902\u092a<\/td><td>\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u092a\u092e\u094d\u092a<\/td><td>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0917\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0902\u092a<\/td><td>\u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0936\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0902\u092a<\/td><td>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0940-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093f\u092a\u091a\u093f\u092a\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942 \u092a\u0902\u092a<\/td><td>\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e \u092a\u0902\u092a \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0930<\/td><td>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u0932\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u0902\u0916\u093e<\/td><td>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0902\u0916\u093e<\/td><td>\u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u0902\u0916\u093e<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeLbnm0rXzTyRwpOHKsDTDEQkHZrByKkPgfgaOakqJdy5YPd23e7_9rh28ob8D9DHYCdGrcd9-6K8FEhWonAV6WihVrCrsp7BlVP5uA2dwjyIZjcJml6dMRaothLl9ZIsFAm_YkTSVp1uPMThos_lurl3s?key=tOwi94UanuoUvOFeW5bhKA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_Tag_Numbers_and_Their_Significance\"><\/span>\u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0928 \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930: \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>F = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930, P = \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935, T = \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928, L = \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930: \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915 (\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915)<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.<\/td><td>D = \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930, F = \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930: \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\/\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>A = \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e, R = \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921, I = \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0915, G = \u0917\u0947\u091c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u091a\u094c\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930: \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\/\u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.<\/td><td>C = \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915, T = \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, S = \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a, V = \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930: \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915 (\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915)<\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u090f\u091a = \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a, \u090f\u0932 = \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928, \u0913 = \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0940 = \u092c\u0902\u0926<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sample_Tag_Numbers\"><\/span>\u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940045<\/td><td>\u0932\u0942\u092a 045 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u090f\u092b\u091f\u0940045<\/td><td>\u0932\u0942\u092a 045 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940102<\/td><td>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915; \u0932\u0942\u092a 102 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/td><td>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u090f\u0932\u090f\u090f\u091a200<\/td><td>\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0907\u0928 \u0932\u0942\u092a 200<\/td><td>\u091c\u092c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092c\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Mistakes_in_Reading_P_IDs\"><\/span>\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u094b \u0928\u091c\u0930\u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0935\u0926\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/exhibition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1749544001893-1024x254.webp\" alt=\"\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e xintai \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940\" class=\"wp-image-9206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1749544001893-1024x254.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1749544001893-300x75.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1749544001893-768x191.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1749544001893-18x4.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/1749544001893.webp 1389w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-World_Applications_of_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\"><\/span>\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, <a href=\"https:\/\/eng.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Environmental_Engineering_(Sustainability_and_Conservation)\/Book%3A_Sustainability_-_A_Comprehensive_Foundation_(Cabezas)\/10%3A_Sustainability_-_Ethics_Culture_and_History\/10.07%3A_Case_Study-_Energy_and_the_BP_Oil_Disaster\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u092c\u0940\u092a\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/a> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mwdh2o.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u091f<\/a> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, <a href=\"https:\/\/ispe.org\/sites\/default\/files\/attachments\/public\/Nov-Dec-2004_0.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0915<\/a>\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_Proper_Symbol_Usage\"><\/span>\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0942 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u090f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_P_ID_Valve_Symbol_FAQs\"><\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 P&amp;ID \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_symbol_of_valve_in_P_ID\"><\/span>P&amp;ID \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0932, \u0917\u0947\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935, \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_do_the_P_ID_symbols_mean\"><\/span>\u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_there_a_standard_for_P_ID_symbols\"><\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0939\u093e\u0902, \u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928 (\u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f (\u090f\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0908) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 P&amp;ID \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaway\"><\/span>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-1024x474.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-1024x474.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-300x139.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-768x355.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-1536x711.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-2048x948.webp 2048w, https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a06254b2-2496-4730-a28c-eee9a863c6a7-18x8.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"margin-top: 50px;\">\n  <h3 style=\"font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; color: #003366; margin-bottom: 20px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%94%8E_Recommended_Reading_for_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\"><\/span>\ud83d\udd0e P&amp;ID \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0920\u0928<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px;\">\n\n    <!-- \u5361\u72471\uff1aP&ID Valve Symbols Overview -->\n    <div style=\"flex: 1 1 30%; background-color: #f0f6fc; padding: 20px; border-left: 4px solid #003366; border-radius: 8px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #003366; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"An_Introduction_to_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\"><\/span>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/blog\/pid-valve-symbols-overview\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #003366;\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n          \u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f\n        <\/a>\n      <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n      <p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #333;\">\n        \u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902\u0964\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u5361\u72472\uff1aUnderstanding P&ID Symbols and Their Functions -->\n    <div style=\"flex: 1 1 30%; background-color: #f0f6fc; padding: 20px; border-left: 4px solid #003366; border-radius: 8px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #003366; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_the_Functions_of_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\"><\/span>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/blog\/understanding-pid-valve-functions\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #003366;\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n          \u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e\n        <\/a>\n      <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n      <p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #333;\">\n        \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 P&amp;ID \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- \u5361\u72473\uff1aCommon Mistakes in Reading P&ID Valve Symbols -->\n    <div style=\"flex: 1 1 30%; background-color: #f0f6fc; padding: 20px; border-left: 4px solid #003366; border-radius: 8px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #003366; margin-bottom: 8px;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Mistakes_When_Reading_P_ID_Valve_Symbols\"><\/span>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/blog\/pid-valve-symbol-mistakes\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #003366;\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n          P&amp;ID \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\n        <\/a>\n      <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n      <p style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #333;\">\n        \u092a\u0940&amp;\u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0932\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0964\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n  <style>\n\t\t\t.module {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: 10px 0 30px 0;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: left;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* \u6807\u9898 *\/\n\t\t\t.module .module-title {\n\t\t\t\tfont-size: 18px;\n\t\t\t\tdisplay: flex;\n\t\t\t\talign-items: center;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t.module .module-button {\n\t\t\t\tcursor: pointer;\n\t\t\t\tborder: 0px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 10px;\n\t\t\t\tbackground: none;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t.module .module-content {\n\t\t\t\tdisplay: none;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t.module .module-content.show {\n\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* \u7b2c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5bb9 *\/\n\t\t\t.module .d1 {\n\t\t\t\twidth: 95%;\n\t\t\t\t\/* \u80cc\u666f\u989c\u8272 *\/\n\t\t\t\tpadding: 1% 2.5% 1% 2.5%;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 3%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5757\u5185\u5bb9 *\/\n\t\t\t.module .d2 {\n\t\t\t\twidth: 95%;\n\t\t\t\tpadding: 3% 2.5% 3% 2.5%;\n\t\t\t}\n            \/* \u6240\u6709a\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0a\u6587\u5b57 *\/\n            .module .aaa {\n\t\t\t\t\/* \u989c\u8272 *\/\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #d53613;\n\t\t\t\t\/* \u6587\u5b57\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf *\/\n\t\t\t\ttext-decoration: underline;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* \u4e0b\u65b9\u659c\u4f53\u6587\u5b57 *\/\n\t\t\t.module .a2 {\n\t\t\t\t\/* \u659c\u4f53 *\/\n\t\t\t\tfont-style: italic;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* \u6240\u6709a\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0a\u6587\u5b57\u60ac\u6d6e\u53d8\u8272 *\/\n\t\t\t.module .aaa:hover {\n\t\t\t\t\/* \u989c\u8272 *\/\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #D3CCFF;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t<\/style>\n  <div class='module'>\n\t\t\t<div class='module-title' style='font-size: 18px;'>\n\t\t\t\t<!-- \u8fd9\u662f\u6807\u9898 -->\n\t\t\t\t\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\n\t\t\t\t<button class='module-button'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg id='svg-1' style='display:block' t='1710230154863' class='icon' viewbox='0 0 1026 1024'\n\t\t\t\t\t\tversion='1.1' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' p-id='1843' width='18' height='18'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u5927\u5c0f\u8bf7\u5728width\u548cheight\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\td='M511.602721 1023.001027a511.474051 511.474051 0 1 1 360.629164-148.84694 509.476105 509.476105 0 0 1-360.629164 149.845913z m0-941.032335c-109.887003 0-220.772979 41.956856-304.686691 125.870567-167.827423 168.826396-167.827423 441.545958 0 609.373381s440.546985 167.827423 609.373381 0c167.827423-167.827423 167.827423-440.546985 0-609.373381-83.913711-82.914739-194.799687-124.871594-304.68669-124.871595z m332.657927 763.215185z'\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfill='#d53613' p-id='1844'><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u989c\u8272\u8bf7\u5728fill\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\td='M780.326392 552.484859H241.880077a39.95891 39.95891 0 0 1 0-79.91782h538.446315a39.95891 39.95891 0 0 1 0 79.91782z'\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfill='#d53613' p-id='1845'><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u989c\u8272\u8bf7\u5728fill\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\td='M511.602721 822.207503a39.95891 39.95891 0 0 1-39.958911-39.95891V243.802278a39.95891 39.95891 0 1 1 79.917821 0v538.446315a39.95891 39.95891 0 0 1-39.95891 39.95891z'\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfill='#d53613' p-id='1846'><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u989c\u8272\u8bf7\u5728fill\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg id='svg-2' style='display:none' t='1710230227147' class='icon' viewbox='0 0 1026 1024'\n\t\t\t\t\t\tversion='1.1' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' p-id='1999' width='18' height='18'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u5927\u5c0f\u8bf7\u5728width\u548cheight\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\td='M511.602721 1023.001027a511.474051 511.474051 0 1 1 360.629164-148.84694 509.476105 509.476105 0 0 1-360.629164 149.845913z m0-941.032335c-109.887003 0-220.772979 41.956856-304.686691 125.870567-167.827423 168.826396-167.827423 441.545958 0 609.373381s440.546985 167.827423 609.373381 0c167.827423-167.827423 167.827423-440.546985 0-609.373381-83.913711-82.914739-194.799687-124.871594-304.68669-124.871595z m332.657927 763.215185z'\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfill='#d53613' p-id='2000'><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u989c\u8272\u8bf7\u5728fill\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\td='M780.326392 552.484859H241.880077a39.95891 39.95891 0 0 1 0-79.91782h538.446315a39.95891 39.95891 0 0 1 0 79.91782z'\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfill='#d53613' p-id='2001'><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u4fee\u6539\u56fe\u6807\u989c\u8272\u8bf7\u5728fill\u4e2d\u6539 -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='module-content'>\n\t\t\t\t<div class='d1' style='background-color:#d53613'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- \u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u5b57\u7b80\u4ecb -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<span style='font-size:18px'>XINTAI VALVE \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class='d2'>\n\t\t\t\t\n  <li style='list-style: decimal;font-size:18px;'><a class=\"aaa a2\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dombor.com\/understanding-different-types-of-valve-symbols\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 101: \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/a><\/li>\n  \n  <li style='list-style: decimal;font-size:18px;'><a class=\"aaa a2\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/assuredautomation.com\/news-and-training\/pids-piping-instrumentation-diagrams-and-pid-valve-symbol-library\/?srsltid=AfmBOopLnYqXjnfhPPdR_y5NepQGZNWVwgBgIv_DvBUrr8Ss2abKMCr2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u092a\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0940 (\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916)<\/a><\/li>\n  \n  <li style='list-style: decimal;font-size:18px;'><a class=\"aaa a2\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/tameson.com\/pages\/valve-symbols-pid\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/a><\/li>\n  \n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<script>\n\t\t\tconst moduleButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.module-button');\n\t\t\tconst svg1 = document.getElementById('svg-1');\n\t\t\tconst svg2 = document.getElementById('svg-2');\n\t\t\tfor (const button of moduleButtons) {\n\t\t\t\tbutton.addEventListener('click', function() {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst content = this.parentNode.nextElementSibling;\n\t\t\t\t\tcontent.classList.toggle('show');\n\t\t\t\t\tconst svg = this.querySelector('svg');\n\t\t\t\t\tconst plusPath = svg.querySelector('#plus');\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t\tsvg1.addEventListener('click', function() {\n\t\t\t\t\tsvg1.style.display = 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Among the diverse symbols, valve symbols take prominence as a vital category.&nbsp; Valves, integral to regulating fluid flow in piping systems, make grasping valve symbols a crucial skill for engineers and technicians alike, ensuring seamless understanding and communication in the field. Hero Product Highlight \ud83d\udee0 Butterfly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6152,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6160"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9296,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6160\/revisions\/9296"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xintaivalves.com\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6160"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}